How is eukaryotic cell different from a prokaryotic cell

In nature, the relationship between form and function is apparent at all levels, including the level of the cell, and this will become clear as we explore eukaryotic cells. It means that, in general, one can deduce the function of a structure by looking at its form, because the two are matched. For example, birds and fish have streamlined bodies that allow them to move quickly through the medium in which they live, be it air or water.

A eukaryotic cell is a cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound compartments or sacs, called organelles , which have specialized functions. The small size of prokaryotes allows ions and organic molecules that enter them to quickly spread to other parts of the cell. Similarly, any wastes produced within a prokaryotic cell can quickly move out.

However, larger eukaryotic cells have evolved different structural adaptations to enhance cellular transport. Indeed, the large size of these cells would not be possible without these adaptations. In general, cell size is limited because volume increases much more quickly than does cell surface area. As a cell becomes larger, it becomes more and more difficult for the cell to acquire sufficient materials to support the processes inside the cell, because the relative size of the surface area across which materials must be transported declines.

Figure 2. This figure shows the relative sizes of different kinds of cells and cellular components. An adult human is shown for comparison. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea. Comparison chart Differences — Similarities —. Follow Share Cite Authors. Share this comparison: If you read this far, you should follow us: "Eukaryotic Cell vs Prokaryotic Cell.

Comments: Eukaryotic Cell vs Prokaryotic Cell. Related Comparisons. Contribute to Diffen Edit or create new comparisons in your area of expertise. Log in ». Terms of use Privacy policy. Bacteria and Archaea. Meiosis and fusion of gametes. Eukaryotes: Comparing the different types of cells.

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in size and the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus. Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells Nucleus?

Always Sometimes Multicellular? Never Usually 2. Plant and animal cells show us that eukaryotic cells are diverse. Visible Body Biology Learn more. External Sources A review of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from Khan Academy. Get our awesome anatomy emails! About News Contact.